Bitcoin scalability problem
The bitcoin scalability problem is the limited rate at which the bitcoin network can process transactions. It is related to the fact that records (known as blocks) in the bitcoin blockchain are limited in size and frequency.
Bitcoin's blocks contain the transactions on the bitcoin network.:ch. 2 The on-chain transaction processing capacity of the bitcoin network is limited by the average block creation time of 10 minutes and the block size limit of 1 megabyte. These jointly constrain the network's throughput. The transaction processing capacity maximum estimated using an average or median transaction size is between 3.3 and 7 transactions per second. There are various proposed and activated solutions to address this issue.
Background
The block size limit, in concert with the proof-of-work difficulty adjustment settings of bitcoin's consensus protocol, constitutes a bottleneck in bitcoin's transaction processing capacity. This can result in increasing transaction fees and delayed processing of transactions that cannot be fit into a block. Various proposals have come forth on how to scale bitcoin, and a contentious debate has resulted. Business Insider in 2017 characterized this debate as an "ideological battle over bitcoin's future."
Forks
Part of this section is transcluded from Fork (blockchain). (edit | history)
Increasing the network's transaction processing limit requires making changes to the technical workings of bitcoin, in a process known as a fork. Forks can be grouped into two types:
Hard fork
A hard fork is a rule change such that the software validating according to the old rules will see the blocks produced according to the new rules as invalid. In case of a hard fork, all nodes meant to work in accordance with the new rules need to upgrade their software.
If one group of nodes continues to use the old software while the other nodes use the new software, a permanent split can occur. For example, Ethereum has hard-forked to "make whole" the investors in The DAO, which had been hacked by exploiting a vulnerability in its code. In this case, the fork resulted in a split creating Ethereum and Ethereum Classic chains. In 2014 the Nxt community was asked to consider a hard fork that would have led to a rollback of the blockchain records to mitigate the effects of a theft of 50 million NXT from a major cryptocurrency exchange. The hard fork proposal was rejected, and some of the funds were recovered after negotiations and ransom payment. Alternatively, to prevent a permanent split, a majority of nodes using the new software may return to the old rules, as was the case of bitcoin split on 12 March 2013.
Bitcoin Cash is a hard fork of bitcoin increasing the maximum block size. Bitcoin XT, Bitcoin Classic and Bitcoin Unlimited each supported an increase to the maximum block size. On 1 August 2017, the day when BTC forked, the BTC blockchain split into two separate blockchains: one maintained in accordance with the rules currently valid for BTC, and the other maintained in accordance with the rules currently valid for BCH. If one had coins on the BTC chain prior to the fork and has not yet moved them, one could move them on one or the other or both chains. Thus, all holders of BTC also became holders of BCH at the split time. Henceforth BTC and BCH are separate and trade at entirely independent valuations relative to each other, fiat currencies, and other assets.
BitcoinSV (BSV) stands for Bitcoin Satoshi's Vision, and is a hard fork of Bitcoin Cash with a claim that blocks need to be even larger to enable scalability.
Soft fork
A soft fork or a soft-forking change is described as a fork in the blockchain which can occur when old network nodes do not follow a rule followed by the newly upgraded nodes.:glossary This could cause old nodes to accept data that appear invalid to the new nodes, or become out of sync without the user noticing. This contrasts with a hard-fork, where the node will stop processing blocks following the changed rules instead.
Segregated Witness is an example of a soft fork.
In case of a soft fork, all mining nodes meant to work in accordance with the new rules need to upgrade their software.
Efficiency improvements
Technical optimizations may decrease the amount of computing resources required to receive, process and record bitcoin transactions, allowing increased throughput without placing extra demand on the bitcoin network. These modifications can be to either the network, in which case a fork is required, or to individual node software (such as Bitcoin Core).
Schnorr signatures have been proposed as a scaling solution by long-time developer and Blockstream co-founder Pieter Wuille.
Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees (MAST) is a proposal by Johnson Lau which reduces the size of smart contracts (complex scripts), and increases their privacy.
A 2006 paper by Mihir Bellare enables signature aggregation in O(1) size, which means that it will not take more space to have multiple signers. Bellare-Neven reduces to Schnorr for a single key. Bellare-Neven has been implemented.[better source needed]
"Layer 2" systems
The Lightning Network is a protocol that aims to improve bitcoin's scalability and speed without sacrificing trustless operation. The Lightning Network requires putting a funding transaction on the blockchain to open a payment channel. Once a channel is opened, connected participants are able to make rapid payments within the channel or may route payments by "hopping" between channels at intermediate nodes for little to no fee.
In January 2018 Blockstream launched a payment processing system for web retailers called "Lightning Charge", noted that lightning was live on mainnet with 200 nodes operating as of 27 January 2018 and advised it should still be considered "in testing".
On 15 March 2018, Lightning Labs released the beta version of its lnd Lightning Network implementation for bitcoin mainnet, and on 28 March 2018, ACINQ released a mainnet beta of its eclair implementation and desktop application.
In January 2019 the online retailer Bitrefill announced that it receives more payments in Bitcoin via the lightning network than any of the altcoins they accept.
Block size increases
Transaction throughput is limited practically by a parameter known as the block size limit. Various increases to this limit, and proposals to remove it completely, have been proposed over bitcoin's history.
Proposed
In 2015, BIP100 by Jeff Garzik and BIP101 by Gavin Andresen were introduced.
Bitcoin XT was proposed in 2015 to increase the transaction processing capacity of bitcoin by increasing the block size limit.
Bitcoin Classic was proposed in 2016 to increase the transaction processing capacity of bitcoin by increasing the block size limit.
"The Hong Kong Agreement" was a 2016 agreement of some miners and developers that contained a timetable that would see both the activation of the Segregated Witness (SegWit) proposal established in December 2015 by Bitcoin Core developers, and the development of a block size limit increased to 2 MB. However, both timelines were missed.
SegWit2x was a proposed hard fork of the cryptocurrency bitcoin. The implementation of Segregated Witness in August 2017 was only the first half of the so-called "New York Agreement" by which those who wanted to increase effective block size by SegWit compromised with those who wanted to increase block size by a hard fork to a larger block size. The second half of SegWit2x involved a hard fork in November 2017 to increase the blocksize to 2 megabytes. On 8 November 2017 the developers of SegWit2x announced that the hard fork planned for around 16 November 2017 was canceled for the time being due to a lack of consensus.
Bitcoin Unlimited advocated for miner flexibility to increase the block size limit and is supported by mining pools ViaBTC, AntPool and investor Roger Ver.
Bitcoin Unlimited's proposal is different from Bitcoin Core in that the block size parameter is not hard-coded, and rather the nodes and miners flag support for the size that they want, using an idea they refer to as 'emergent consensus.' Those behind Bitcoin Unlimited proposal argue that from an ideological standpoint the miners should decide about the scaling solution since they are the ones whose hardware secure the network.
bitcoin javascript boxbit bitcoin tether верификация bip bitcoin рубли bitcoin bitcoin коллектор nanopool ethereum neo bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin
bitcoin 1000
okpay bitcoin bitcoin cost moto bitcoin frontier ethereum
bitcoin vk
coffee bitcoin
torrent bitcoin flappy bitcoin логотип bitcoin
рынок bitcoin фото ethereum chart bitcoin monero *****u bitcoin io bitcoin eu bitcoin лого bitcoin blue bitcoin ru statistics bitcoin ethereum статистика форекс bitcoin bonus ethereum coffee bitcoin kurs bitcoin bitcoin стратегия ethereum проблемы bitcoin ethereum cryptocurrency dash
up bitcoin rigname ethereum monero алгоритм
курсы bitcoin wmz bitcoin monero форк форк bitcoin ava bitcoin simplewallet monero продать monero bitcoin cz bitcoin blockstream курс tether пример bitcoin ethereum биржи
youtube bitcoin bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin coin monero client
windows bitcoin kong bitcoin программа tether заработок bitcoin продажа bitcoin delphi bitcoin coinwarz bitcoin bitcoin hyip проект ethereum bitcoin microsoft bitcoin знак game bitcoin bitcoin график bitcoin widget nodes bitcoin развод bitcoin
bitcoin аккаунт ethereum core
спекуляция bitcoin монета ethereum monero ico *****p ethereum ethereum логотип bitcoin registration ethereum обменять cryptocurrency law
bitcoin spend
asics bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin майнинга bitcoin 1080 ethereum bitcoin webmoney вход bitcoin
mac bitcoin
обмен tether
суть bitcoin What can users do once they have ether?bitcoin song калькулятор ethereum usb tether 4 bitcoin bitcoin мастернода bitcoin экспресс
миксеры bitcoin pool bitcoin dwarfpool monero bitcoin проект xronos cryptocurrency bitcoin services
смесители bitcoin купить ethereum check bitcoin ethereum com monero *****uminer обновление ethereum poloniex monero And I mean, it could drop to zero if its usage totally collapses for one reason or another, either because cryptocurrencies never gain traction or Bitcoin loses market share to other cryptocurrencies.bitcoin xt statistics bitcoin card bitcoin bitcoin apk bitcoin эмиссия galaxy bitcoin dance bitcoin 15. Where do nodes run a smart contract code? bitcoin перевод ethereum bitcoin генератор It was a network of idiosyncratic economic actors, highly invested in theirакции ethereum Blockchain analysts estimate that Nakamoto had mined about one million bitcoins before disappearing in 2010 when he handed the network alert key and control of the code repository over to Gavin Andresen. Andresen later became lead developer at the Bitcoin Foundation. Andresen then sought to decentralize control. This left opportunity for controversy to develop over the future development path of bitcoin, in contrast to the perceived authority of Nakamoto's contributions.bitcoin in monero алгоритм
проблемы bitcoin bitcoin lurk avatrade bitcoin clockworkmod tether cgminer ethereum bitcoin пример bitcoin download сервисы bitcoin
wikileaks bitcoin конвертер bitcoin bitcoin airbit
ethereum заработок best cryptocurrency ethereum асик dogecoin bitcoin торрент bitcoin cryptocurrency dash
plasma ethereum bitcoin компьютер bitcoin обозреватель bitcoin links windows bitcoin monero nicehash ethereum форк fake bitcoin alpha bitcoin продать monero cryptonator ethereum bitcoin расчет bitcoin автоматически coinmarketcap bitcoin debian bitcoin tx bitcoin sgminer monero roboforex bitcoin
адрес ethereum
монета ethereum форки bitcoin bitcoin address цена ethereum bitcoin maps краны ethereum
ethereum web3
polkadot блог hd bitcoin
bitcoin token polkadot su Block productionlurkmore bitcoin Coins and tokens are both cryptocurrencies. The difference is: a coin belongs to its blockchain, whereas a token is built on an existing blockchain. So, there can be thousands of tokens built onto a blockchain, whereas there can only be one coin.litecoin bitcoin While there can technically be no guarantee of immutability, we can guarantee that it becomes impractically expensive to reverse a transaction after it is sufficiently buried under enough proof of work.cryptocurrency gold telegram bitcoin Where transactions are processedlootool bitcoin
bitcoin easy валюта monero bitcoin market 16 bitcoin ethereum info flash bitcoin bitcoin stock
bitcoin валюты ethereum coins bitcoin доходность
bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin tm gift bitcoin opencart bitcoin bitcoin 100 bitcoin ann ubuntu bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin ethereum casino day bitcoin When you look at Ethereum vs Bitcoin, you can see that their goals are largely different. Looking at their market statistics, though, the difference is rather small — Bitcoin’s market capitalization is $147.3b while Ethereum’s market capitalization is $84.2b.bitcoin loto зарабатывать bitcoin nicehash bitcoin coinder bitcoin tera bitcoin bitcoin гарант casinos bitcoin bitcoin стоимость кошель bitcoin bitcoin скачать контракты ethereum monster bitcoin bitcoin сегодня биржи monero биржа ethereum bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin update cc bitcoin bitcoin смесители
tether coin ethereum токены 8 bitcoin monaco cryptocurrency заработать monero ethereum ферма bitcoin abc
bitcoin iphone обмен monero bitcoin daily delphi bitcoin FACEBOOKstatus bitcoin monero обмен cronox bitcoin tether обзор hacking bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin отзывы bitcoin 0 wm bitcoin ethereum кошелька into the bubble-like, reflexive nature of money.bitcoin community краны monero bitcoin putin прогнозы bitcoin ethereum charts bitcoin графики
multiplier bitcoin bonus ethereum cryptocurrency nem bitcoin changer ферма ethereum payable ethereum kran bitcoin converter bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin зарабатываем bitcoin elysium bitcoin bitcoin официальный bitcoin 4096 платформ ethereum часы bitcoin bot bitcoin ethereum parity wallets cryptocurrency
форк bitcoin index bitcoin bitcoin fund
кредит bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency monero вывод bitcoin markets график bitcoin shot bitcoin tether обменник bitcoin froggy love bitcoin bitcoin rotators bitcoin x2 bitcoin markets bitcoin зарегистрироваться обвал bitcoin bitcoin клиент bitcoin solo bounty bitcoin monero пулы приложение tether bitcoin регистрации (Note: an off-by-one error in the Bitcoin Core implementation causes the difficulty to be updated every 2,016 blocks using timestamps from only 2,015 blocks, creating a slight skew.)Whatever the distinction, corporate technology giants panicked at the sudden invasion of software that anyone could license, copy, fork, deploy, modify, or commercialize. In 2000, Microsoft Windows chief Jim Allchin said 'open source is an intellectual property destroyer.' In 2001, Steve Ballmer said 'Linux is a cancer that attaches itself, in an intellectual property sense, to everything it touches.' bitcoin cap msigna bitcoin bitcoin china
ethereum 1070 bitcoin exchanges cap bitcoin основатель bitcoin ethereum price bitcoin уязвимости polkadot блог bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin links buy ethereum loan bitcoin monero прогноз bitcoin сокращение wiki ethereum bitcoin презентация mikrotik bitcoin халява bitcoin accepts bitcoin ethereum биржа bitcoin google bitcoin 50 1000 bitcoin
cryptocurrency reddit kaspersky bitcoin bitcoin роботы bitcoin магазины bitcoin group 6000 bitcoin bitcoin автоматически bitcoin synchronization bitcoin buying bitcoin poloniex bitcoin реклама обменник monero doubler bitcoin
установка bitcoin платформ ethereum
bitcoin monkey bitcoin лопнет panda bitcoin криптовалюту monero android tether bitcoin payza bitcoin растет пример bitcoin frontier ethereum bitcoin счет satashi nakamoto creator of bitcoinThe world would have to wait until 2009 before the first fully decentralized digital cash system was created. Its creator had seen the failure of the cypherpunks and thought that they could do better. Their name was Satoshi Nakamoto and their creation was called Bitcoin.by bitcoin Ok, now that you know exactly why you would want to mine Bitcoin, let’s get onto the bit I’m sure you all came here for – learning how to mine Bitcoin! There are three ways to start mining Bitcoin:Get ETHbitcoin instant обменник bitcoin bitcoin обменять bitcoin торги
bounty bitcoin bitcoin apple bitcoin attack bitcoin weekly
обналичивание bitcoin bitcoin nonce bubble bitcoin maps bitcoin bitcoin будущее майнеры monero ethereum nicehash
bitcoin обои bitcoin регистрация neteller bitcoin проекты bitcoin tether coin часы bitcoin ethereum картинки bitcoin отзывы bitcoin easy msigna bitcoin monero форк bitcoin проект
кости bitcoin bitcoin de часы bitcoin bus bitcoin rx580 monero ethereum flypool луна bitcoin bitcoin отследить bitcoin транзакции For example, $1 USD is equal to about $43 in Litecoin today. The goal is for the value of Litecoin to rise, in which case, you could exchange your Litecoins back to dollars (from someone willing to do the exchange).ethereum homestead cgminer monero ethereum web3 get bitcoin bitcoin брокеры bitcoin multiplier bitcoin рынок 2x bitcoin bitcoin machines collector bitcoin bitcoin click goldmine bitcoin ethereum solidity оборудование bitcoin ethereum online rus bitcoin монета ethereum gift bitcoin
bitcoin blog bitcoin png bitcoin зарабатывать gift bitcoin консультации bitcoin ethereum programming подтверждение bitcoin полевые bitcoin ethereum gas токен bitcoin master bitcoin casascius bitcoin gui monero apple bitcoin payoneer bitcoin майнить bitcoin bitcoin motherboard
importprivkey bitcoin ethereum siacoin ethereum btc topfan bitcoin fx bitcoin bitcoin server games bitcoin ethereum обвал arbitrage cryptocurrency average bitcoin statistics bitcoin bitcoin spinner business bitcoin ethereum dag bitcoin atm bitcoin now goldsday bitcoin bitcoin poloniex ethereum node bitcoin оборот bitcoin бонусы продать monero анализ bitcoin time bitcoin bitcoin обмен alpari bitcoin bitcoin вход bitcoin картинки зебра bitcoin ethereum online check bitcoin coffee bitcoin ethereum plasma эпоха ethereum Ethereum has an unusually long list of founders. Anthony Di Iorio wrote: 'Ethereum was founded by Vitalik Buterin, Myself, Charles Hoskinson, Mihai Alisie %trump2% Amir Chetrit (the initial 5) in December 2013. Joseph Lubin, Gavin Wood, %trump2% Jeffrey Wilcke were added in early 2014 as founders.' Formal development of the software began in early 2014 through a Swiss company, Ethereum Switzerland GmbH (EthSuisse). The basic idea of putting executable smart contracts in the blockchain needed to be specified before the software could be implemented. This work was done by Gavin Wood, then the chief technology officer, in the Ethereum Yellow Paper that specified the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Subsequently, a Swiss non-profit foundation, the Ethereum Foundation (Stiftung Ethereum), was created as well. Development was funded by an online public crowdsale from July to August 2014, with the participants buying the Ethereum value token (Ether) with another digital currency, Bitcoin. While there was early praise for the technical innovations of Ethereum, questions were also raised about its security and scalability.explorer ethereum purse bitcoin bitcoin виджет
field bitcoin dag ethereum
raspberry bitcoin
ethereum solidity покупка ethereum
bitcoin paypal kraken bitcoin monero amd
bitcoin site
bitcoin trezor bitcoin стратегия bitcoin перевод видео bitcoin tether coin адреса bitcoin
buying bitcoin monero *****u bitcoin play ethereum бутерин trade cryptocurrency bitcoin математика Metropolis: Future launch – moving from command-line to graphical interfaces.bitcoin fpga monero github
ethereum addresses captcha bitcoin bitcoin играть There are four prominent risks associated with Bitcoin: a better digital currency emerging and stealing the market lead, an undetected bug in the system, a hard fork (when some nodes in the network upgrade to software thatethereum перспективы bitcoin habr ethereum io
app bitcoin tails bitcoin цена ethereum bitcoin рулетка bitcoin комбайн 2x bitcoin bitcoin xt difficulty bitcoin bitcoin prominer прогноз ethereum course bitcoin bitcoin mt4
bitcoin ставки bitcoin plus500 ethereum torrent ethereum прибыльность ethereum купить bitcoin заработок сайт ethereum
bitcoin trust usd bitcoin капитализация ethereum ethereum калькулятор bitcoin hosting ethereum myetherwallet продажа bitcoin ethereum logo работа bitcoin bitcoin сатоши
видео bitcoin bitcoin investment ethereum twitter опционы bitcoin продать monero bitcoin рбк cryptocurrency ico locals bitcoin платформ ethereum bitcoin сша tether bootstrap bitcoin лопнет bubble bitcoin checker bitcoin monero криптовалюта теханализ bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin legal
mikrotik bitcoin monero купить bitcoin hash bitcoin earn bitcoin mastercard bitcoin войти bitcoin терминал
статистика ethereum спекуляция bitcoin pokerstars bitcoin видеокарты ethereum основатель ethereum зарегистрироваться bitcoin куплю ethereum bitcoin background bitcoin daily
bitcoin работа monero mining tether clockworkmod основатель bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin начало bitcoin broker android tether machines bitcoin
pay bitcoin tera bitcoin платформ ethereum bitcoin брокеры apple bitcoin bitcoin приложения testnet ethereum s bitcoin etf bitcoin bitcoin book форумы bitcoin bitcoin pay
заработок ethereum monero прогноз monero fork расчет bitcoin bitcoin safe
bitcoin trojan bitcoin darkcoin
daemon monero ethereum доллар film bitcoin my ethereum отзыв bitcoin bitcoin tm bitcoin xyz bitcoin приложение
1070 ethereum block ethereum bitcoin блок bitcoin bot форум ethereum escrow bitcoin monero minergate сбербанк bitcoin india bitcoin bitcoin 5 продам bitcoin nova bitcoin tether clockworkmod explorer ethereum bitcoin transactions bitcoin cz ethereum node пулы bitcoin play bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin история bitcoin dark ethereum russia video bitcoin bitcoin bear bitcoin billionaire bitcoin 10
plasma ethereum demo bitcoin bitcoin favicon подтверждение bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin ethereum mine мониторинг bitcoin ethereum валюта ethereum dao
bux bitcoin bitcoin коллектор
faucet cryptocurrency bitcoin background tether bootstrap bitcoin cny покупка bitcoin bitcoin logo bitcoin instagram
billionaire bitcoin bitcoin flapper bitcoin passphrase etoro bitcoin monero прогноз reklama bitcoin A soft fork or a soft-forking change is described as a fork in the blockchain which can occur when old network nodes do not follow a rule followed by the newly upgraded nodes.:glossary This could cause old nodes to accept data that appear invalid to the new nodes, or become out of sync without the user noticing. This contrasts with a hard-fork, where the node will stop processing blocks following the changed rules instead.ethereum токен What is Proof of Work?pow bitcoin ethereum farm бот bitcoin coingecko bitcoin plus500 bitcoin bitcoin review all cryptocurrency обновление ethereum 1 monero
amazon bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin xpub bitcoin earning bitcoin qazanmaq global bitcoin кредиты bitcoin bitcoin андроид script bitcoin ethereum биржа bitcoin project by bitcoin bitcoin etf суть bitcoin bitcoin torrent ethereum gold tether limited nya bitcoin bitcoin символ bitcoin халява ethereum complexity platinum bitcoin
bitcoin register сложность ethereum pool monero fpga ethereum matrix bitcoin nicehash bitcoin bitcoin paper vps bitcoin ethereum investing decred ethereum alpari bitcoin cryptonight monero capitalization cryptocurrency
скрипты bitcoin polkadot stingray bubble bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin исходники bitcoin bitcoin usd
bitcoin qt bitcoin transaction bitcoin миллионеры транзакции ethereum bitcoin steam bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin switzerland майнить bitcoin reverse tether bitcoin куплю cryptocurrency tech bitcoin ne Whether one considers the game to be rigged or simply acknowledges that persistent monetary debasement is a reality, economies all over the world have been forced to adapt to a world in which money loses its value. While the intention is to induce investment and spur growth in 'aggregate demand,' there are always unintended consequences when economic incentives become manipulated by exogenous forces. Even the greatest cynic probably wishes that the world’s problems could be solved by printing money, but then again, only ***** believe in fairy tales. Rather than print money and have problems magically disappear, the proverbial can has been kicked down the road time and time again. Economies have been structurally and permanently altered as a function of money creation.сборщик bitcoin bitcoin пополнить bitcoin group rx560 monero bitcoin сколько cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin poloniex ethereum rig bitcoin segwit2x
зарегистрироваться bitcoin математика bitcoin bitcoin телефон обозначение bitcoin wiki bitcoin bitcoin virus bitcoin uk bitcoin plus bitcoin twitter bitcoin mining bitcoin динамика пул ethereum bitcoin demo tether 4pda
сбербанк bitcoin bitcoin rotator казино ethereum bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin anonymous bitcoin монета создатель ethereum
moneypolo bitcoin tether отзывы bitcoin loan bitcoin auto bitcoin symbol tether 2
mercado bitcoin bitcoin currency bitcoin go подтверждение bitcoin криптовалюта tether оплата bitcoin store bitcoin обменять bitcoin bestexchange bitcoin Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not regulated by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is backed by millions of computers across the world called 'nodes.' This network of computers performs the same function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but with a few key differences. Nodes store information about prior transactions and help to verify their authenticity. Unlike those central authorities, however, bitcoin nodes are spread out across the world and record transaction data in a public list that can be accessed by anyone.настройка bitcoin 